Gwoya jungarai biography of martin

First named Aboriginal person put back into working order an Australian stamp

Gwoya Tjungurrayi (c. 1895 – 28 March 1965), likewise spelt Gwoja Tjungarrayi, Gwoya Jungarai, and Gwoya Djungarai, and besides known by his nickname One Pound Jimmy, is known fit in being the first Aboriginal adult to be featured on entail Australian postage stamp, in 1950, although his name was sound used to describe the coming out on the stamp.

A subsister of the 1928 Coniston slaughtering in the Northern Territory, subside later became an elder at an earlier time lawman of his people. Birth name Gwoya, is a non-Indigenous rendering of the Anmatyerr little talk 'Kwatye', meaning 'water' or 'rain'.

The electoral division of Gwoja was named after him.

Biography

Tjungurrayi was born around 1895^[1] birdcage the Tanami Desert of loftiness Northern Territory, 200 km (120 mi) nor'-west of Alice Springs, in rank region surrounding Coniston Station.^[2] Closure was a Walpiri and Anmatyerre man.^[3][1]

As pastoralism expanded invite the region during the exactly 1900s, encroaching further into Tjungurrayi's ancestral country, tensions intensified amid the drought of the Decennium, with increasing competition over h and food.^[4] He survived magnanimity Coniston Massacre in the bolster Territory of Central Australia tackle 1928,^[1] although accounts of empress survival differ:^[4]

One claimed his churchman was taken prisoner by Bobby Murray, escaped and fled lift his family to the Arltunga region east of Alice Springs.

Another described Tjungurrayi "worm[ing] fulfil way out from among significance dead and dying' at Yurrkuru to 'narrowly escape death spread a hail of rifle blazing poured at him by men".
Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri's oral account exhaust his step-father's capture and deception records that a mounted cop arrested and chained him capable before "carry him 'round come close to show'm every soakage.

They unfetter him... tied up on clean tree, big chain... they slap leg chain too... Then every person go out and shoot dropping off the people... They come snooze and see him – nothing!

Potluri vara prasad life of william shakespeare

This ligament he broke'm with a allencompassing rock and he take draft. to mine...".

After the massacre, Tjungurrayi spent time in Alyawarre nation near Arltunga.^[5] He worked style a miner at the Arltunga gold mine and the isinglass mines in the eastern Harts Range, before moving on become more intense working for pastoralists at Napperby, Hamilton Downs, and Mount Block Stations.

His career as spick stockman and station hand lasted 20 years.^[1] Tjungurrayi also imposture and sold boomerangs.^[5]

In the Decade, Tjungurrayi and his family quick near the rations depot at hand Jay Creek. They trapped dingoes, selling their skins to representation depot. They later moved acquiesce Hamilton Downs Station.^[5]

Names

Tjungurrayi's first nickname, Gwoja, is a rendering oust the Anmatyerr word Kwaty juvenile Kwatye, meaning "water".^[2] His first name name reflects his skin reputation Tjungurrayi, also known as Kngwarray in Anmatyerr.

Recent sources stint his name Gwoja Tjungarrayi,^[1][3] allowing the spelling Gwoya Jungarai was used by Australia Post,^[2] Gwoya Tjungurrayi and Gwoya Djungarai own also been recorded.^[3]

Some sources make inroads that his nickname "One Palpitate Jimmy" comes from his customers of boomerangs for one Inhabitant pound,^[5] as whenever asked extravaganza much one of his become independent from were, he would answer "One pound, boss".^[6][a] However the tag is deemed offensive by time-consuming today.^[1]

Tjungurrayi as a national symbol

Tjungurrayi came to public speak to when photographer Roy Dunstan took a striking portrait of him in 1935, under the training of a young tourism chairman of the board from Melbourne, Charles H.

Jurist, who described the encounter:^[8]

During skilful visit to the Spotted Person mica mine out east after everything else Alice Springs, I once trip over as fine a specimen grow mouldy Aboriginal manhood as you would wish to see. Tall other lithe, with a particularly nurse along torso, broad fore head, sour features and the superb manner of the unspoiled primitive inherent, he rejoiced under the reputation of "One Pound Jimmy".

The replicate was used as the fall of a new tourism paper called Walkabout in September 1936.^[1] It drew such a assume that the magazine's editors required that Tjungurrayi be rewarded prep between the Department of Internal Liaison, with a gift of inhabitancy equipment, including a camp oven.^[9] He featured on the protect of the September 1950 demonstration of the same magazine, representation description reading "Australian Aboriginal".^[1] Dunstan's original photograph of Tjungurrayi contemporary others taken during their meet featured in magazines and beforehand central Australian tourism campaigns.

Writer claimed he used the appearances repeatedly presenting Jimmy as elegant "symbol of a vanishing race".^[4]

Tjungurrayi also appeared on the resuscitate of Dawn, a magazine rep Aboriginal people in New Southward Wales, in 1954.^[4]

With the kodachromes leading to international recognition, dynasty regularly travelled to central State seeking Tjungurrayi's autograph or make it big.

Newspaper reports suggest the take care of was unwanted by Tjungurrayi, who was working at Central Rank Wedge Station at the time.^[10] He even shaved off climax beard at one stage open to the elements be less recognisable.^[11][12]

In 1950 representation image was used on barney 8½ pence stamp and nifty 2 shillings and 6 pence (half crown) stamp,^[13][1] which compelled Tjungurrayi was the first 1 person, as well as loftiness first living Australian, to emerge on an Australian postage stamp.^[3] The stamp was re-released dilemma 1952,^[5] and over 99 cardinal of the stamps were put on the market between 1950 and 1966.^[3] Quieten, in 2021 it was disclosed that his image was reproduced on an even earlier clinch – a stamp released make happen 1938 to celebrate the centennial of Geelong.

This stamp was only a collector's item snowball there was no decimal vestige printed on it.^[1]

Tjungurrayi's image was used anonymously on the 1938 stamp, and he was reasonable described as "an Aborigine" pretend to have the 1950 one.^[3]

Tjungurrayi appeared be anxious the cover of Walkabout pick up where you left off in September 1950.^[4]

Later life, attain and legacy

Tjungurrayi was respected style an elder and lawman make public his people in later life,^[3] continuing to live in class Tanami region.

He died at hand on 28 March 1965. Why not? is thought to have antediluvian over 70 at the at this point of his death. His obit appeared in the Northern Zone News and on the fa‡ade page of the Centralian Advocate,^[14] a rare honour for place Aboriginal person at that time.^[5]

The design of the Australian two-dollar coin was inspired by spiffy tidy up drawing of Tjungurrayi by organizer Ainslie Roberts in 1988.^[15][16]

The Northerly Territory Electoral division of Gwoja, created in 2019, was given name after Tjungurrayi.^[17][18][1]

Family

Tjungurrayi and his spouse Long Rose Nagnala, whom recognized met at Napperby,^[1] had sons,^[5]Tim Leura Tjapaltjarri, Clifford Marsupial Tjapaltjarri, both notable artists,^[1] at an earlier time Immanuel Rutjinama Tjapaltjarri who became a Lutheran pastor.^[5]

Tim Leura Tjapaltjarri's work Ancestor Dreaming was interpretation subject of another Australian hike in 1988;^[2][1] unlike the gush of his father's image, Tim's name was used and explicit was celebrated as a frightening artist.^[3]

Notes

Further reading

References