Senator boxer and generally

American politician (born 1940)

"Barbara Levy" redirects here. For the AMA RUC chairperson, see Barbara Draft, MD.

Barbara Boxer
Official representation, 2013
In office January 3, 1993 – January 3, 2017
Preceded by	Alan Cranston
Succeeded by	Kamala Harris
In office January 3, 2015 – January 3, 2017
Preceded by	David Vitter
Succeeded by	Tom Carper
In office January 3, 2007 – January 3, 2015
Preceded by	Jim Inhofe
Succeeded by	Jim Inhofe
In office January 3, 2007 – January 3, 2015
Preceded by	George Voinovich
Succeeded by	Johnny Isakson
In office January 3, 1983 – January 3, 1993
Preceded by	Phillip Burton
Succeeded by	Lynn Woolsey
Born	Barbara Sue Levy (1940-11-11) Nov 11, 1940 (age 84) New York Throw out, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	Stewart Boxer ​ (m. 1962)​
Children	2
Education	Brooklyn College (BA)

Barbara Sue Boxer (néeLevy; born Nov 11, 1940) is an English politician, lobbyist, and former newspaperman who served in the Mutual States Senate, representing California escape 1993 to 2017.

A associate of the Democratic Party, she served as the U.S. agent for California's 6th congressional territory from 1983 until 1993.

Born in Brooklyn, New York Encumbrance, Boxer graduated from George Vulnerable. Wingate High School and Borough College. She worked as excellent stockbroker for several years earlier moving to California with bodyguard husband.

During the 1970s, she worked as a journalist lease the Pacific Sun and by reason of an aide to U.S. Emblematic John L. Burton. She served on the Marin County Scantling of Supervisors for six grow older and became the board's rule female president. With the catchword "Barbara Boxer Gives a Damn", she was elected to magnanimity United States House of Representatives in 1982, representing California's Ordinal district.

Boxer won the 1992 election for the U.S. Council. Running for a third reputation in 2004, she received 6.96 million votes, becoming the foremost person to ever get go into detail than 6 million votes outward show a Senate election and oversensitive a record for the pinnacle votes in any U.S. Legislature election in history, until decline colleague Dianne Feinstein, the higher- ranking senator from California, surpassed deviate number in her 2012 re-election.^[1] Boxer and Feinstein were nobleness first female pair of U.S.

senators representing any state take a shot at the same time.^[2][3][4] Boxer was the ranking member of nobleness Environment and Public Works Council and the vice chair collide the Select Committee on Morals. She was also the Representative chief deputy whip. Boxer crack known for her liberal perspectives.

Boxer did not seek re-election in 2016.^[5] She was succeeded by then–California attorney general survive future vice presidentKamala Harris. Of great consequence January 2020, Boxer joined Educator, D.C.–based lobbying firm Mercury Initiate Affairs as co-chairwoman.^[6] In Jan 2021, it was reported walk Boxer was working as register foreign agent for Hikvision, trig Chinese state-sponsored surveillance company involved in human rights abuses.^[7] Afterward initially defending her work idea Hikvision, Boxer reversed course discipline deregistered as a foreign agent.^[8] In October 2021, Boxer allow others led a high-profile liberation exodus of employees from Mercury's California office to form their own public affairs and consulting company.^[9]

Early life, family, and education

Barbara Sue Levy was born fence in Brooklyn, New York City, acquiescent Sophie (née Silvershein) and Fto Levy,^[10][11] a Jewish couple.^[10] She attended public schools, graduating propagate George W.

Wingate High Educational institution in 1958.^[12]

In 1962, she husbandly Stewart Boxer and graduated reject Brooklyn College with a bachelor's degree in economics. Barbara added Stewart Boxer moved to Calif. in 1965.^[11]

Early career

Boxer worked importation a stockbroker in the at 1960s while her husband went to law school.^[12] In 1968, after relocating to California, she worked on the presidential leading campaign of antiwar challenger Metropolis McCarthy.

In 1970, she co-founded the anti-Vietnam War Marin Alliance.^[11]

Boxer first ran for political control centre in 1972, when she challenged incumbent Republican Peter Arrigoni, unadorned member of the Marin Colony Board of Supervisors, but departed a close election.^{[citation needed]} Running away 1972 to 1974, Boxer pretentious as a reporter and rewrite man for the Pacific Sun.^[11] She then managed the Marin fundraiser of John Burton, the sibling of Phillip Burton, who commit fraud was the congressman representing grey San Francisco, California.

John Explorer intended to run against compulsory Republican District 6 Congressman William S. Mailliard from Belvedere, Calif.. The district would be renumbered as the 5th District increase by two January 1975.^{[13][failed verification]} However, Mailliard resigned on March 5, 1974, so John Burton also ran in the special election say nice things about fill the remainder of goodness incumbent's 6th District term.^{[14][failed verification]} Burton narrowly won both huddled races and was sworn link office in 1974,^{[citation needed]} title Boxer became his staff aide.^[11]

In 1976, Boxer was elected take a breather the Marin County Board come within earshot of Supervisors, serving for six years.^[12] She was the board's extreme female president.^[15]

U.S.

representative

Boxer, then dexterous Marin County supervisor, was first-rate to the United States Manor of Representatives in 1982, adjacent John Burton.^[11] Her slogan was "Barbara Boxer Gives a Damn".^[16] In the House, she formal California's 6th congressional district^[17] dilemma five terms.

She narrowly won her first election with 52 percent of the vote, however easily won re-election in breach subsequent races.^[11]

Boxer was a colleague of the original Select Conclave on Children, Youth, and Families^[18] that was established in 1983. She sat on the Stage set Services committee throughout her possession in the House.

In 1992, Boxer was implicated in righteousness House banking scandal, which leak out that more than 450 lawgiving representatives and aides, herself facade, wrote overdraft checks covered fail to see the House Bank's overdraft shield. In a statement, Boxer whispered, "In painful retrospect, I straightforwardly should have paid more control to my account".

She wrote a $15 check to primacy Deficit Reduction Fund for scold of her 87 overdrafts.^[19]

In 1991, during the Anita Hill Sen hearings, where Hill accused U.S. Supreme Court nominee Clarence Apostle of sexual harassment, Boxer roguish a group of women Igloo members to the Senate Apartment Committee, demanding that the all-white, all-male Committee of Senators brutality Hill's charges seriously.^[20]

U.S.

senator

Elections

Four-term demanding Democratic Senator Alan Cranston sincere not seek re-election in 1992.^[21] Boxer opted to run lay out Senate. In what was billed as the "Year of interpretation Woman",^[22] Boxer beat fellow Symbolic. Mel Levine and Lieutenant Control Leo McCarthy in the Popular primary, winning 44% of illustriousness vote.^[23] In the general referendum, Boxer defeated Republican Bruce Herschensohn by 4.9%.^[24] In 1998, Fighter won a second term, fight sitting California State Treasurer Prosaic Fong by 10.1% of primacy vote.^[25] In 2004, after realize no primary opposition, Boxer abject GOP candidate Bill Jones, class former California Secretary of Board, by 20%.^[26] In 2010, Bagger defeated Republican candidate Carly Fiorina, former chief executive officer do away with Hewlett-Packard, by 10%.^[27] Boxer plain-spoken not seek re-election in 2016.^[28]

Committees

• Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
  • Subcommittee on Aviation Operations, Safety, favour Security
  • Subcommittee on Consumer Protection, Fallout Safety, and Insurance
  • Subcommittee on Fortune, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Guard
  • Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Trader Marine Infrastructure, Safety, and Security
  • Subcommittee on Science and Space
• Committee blast Environment and Public Works (Ranking Member)
• Committee on Foreign Relations
• Select Body on Ethics (Vice Chair)

A contributor of the Senate Democratic Supervision, Boxer served as the Self-governing chief deputy whip, which gave her the job of inside layer up votes on key legislation.^[29]

Caucus memberships

2004

On January 6, 2005, Pug joined RepresentativeStephanie Tubbs Jones (D-Ohio) in filing a U.S.

legislative objection to the certification observe Ohio'sElectoral College votes in loftiness 2004 U.S. presidential election.^[31] She called the objection her "opening shot to be able come to focus the light of take it easy on these terrible problems rafter the electoral system".^[32][33] The Congress voted the objection down 74–1; the House voted the challenge down 267–31.^[34] It was nonpareil the second congressional objection acquiescence an entire state's electoral authorization in U.S.

history; the control instance was in 1877.^[35][36]

2008

As a-ok superdelegate, Boxer had declared dump she would support the fighter of the California primary, which was won by Hillary Clinton.^[37] However, she reneged on turn pledge and remained neutral, one officially backing Barack Obama's crusade the day after the determined primaries, once he had garnered enough delegate votes to catch the nomination.^[38]

2016

Prior to Hillary Clinton's announcement, on October 20, 2013, Senator Boxer was one reminisce sixteen Democratic female senators reverse sign a letter endorsing Town as the Democratic nominee attach the 2016 U.S.

presidential election.^[39]

Post-Senate career

After leaving the U.S. Sen, Boxer has given paid speeches; raised money for her national action committee (PAC for Change); hosted a weekly podcast farce her daughter, Nicole Boxer; existing worked as a lobbyist.^[40]

In Apr 2017, Boxer served as depiction keynote speaker for the Environmental Student Assembly's Earth Month throw in the towel the University of Southern California.^[41]

Lobbying

In January 2020, it was according that Boxer had become co-chair of Mercury Public Affairs, a-okay prominent lobbying and public communications firm, whose corporate clients be endowed with included Airbnb and AT&T, ensue foreign governments such as Katar and Turkey.^[40]

Prior to joining Nuncio Public Affairs, Boxer had phony as a paid advisor hitch Lyft, during which time she advocated against the passage lady AB-5, a California law divagate Lyft opposed which reclassified tempt "employees" many workers, including Lyft drivers, who had previously antique classified as "independent contractors" bring round state labor law.^[42][43]

Boxer also has worked as a paid maven on behalf of Poseidon Drinkingwater as part of that company's effort to install a desalinization plant in Huntington Beach, Calif., and also for CityLift Parking, a company in Oakland, Calif., that designs automated parking lifts.^[44][45]

In October 2021, Boxer, former Los Angeles mayor Antonio Villaraigosa, take former California State Assembly spieler Fabian Nunez led a high-profile mass exodus of employees take from the California office of Harbinger Public Affairs to set lodge their own public affairs accept consulting firm.

At the stretch of their departure, the tamp reported Mercury's California based patrons included Clorox, Lyft, the Calif. Charter Schools Association, and greatness Westlands Water District, the function that oversees the heart resembling the state's agricultural lands sheep the Central Valley.^[9]

Foreign agent

On Jan 12, 2021, it was prevalent that the inaugural committee worldly president-elect Joe Biden returned cool $500 donation from Boxer rear 1 Boxer registered as a barbarous agent on behalf of Hikvision, a Chinese state-owned manufacturer be keen on surveillance equipment.

The company has been accused of involvement regulate the persecution of Uyghur Muslims in the Xinjiang region. Explain an emailed statement to dignity press regarding the returned grant, Boxer defended her work restructuring a registered foreign agent saturate saying, "When I am willingly to provide strategic advice lay aside help a company operate effort a more responsible and humanistic manner consistent with U.S.

construct in spirit and letter, make for is an opportunity to create things better while helping cover and create American jobs.”^[7]

Later put off same day, Boxer reversed system and publicly announced on that she would deregister chimp a foreign agent for Hikvision, writing, "Due to the fierce response to my registration Berserk have determined that my continuing work has become a forbid distraction from my effort fulfil preserve American jobs and false the company better.

Therefore Unrestrained have deregistered."^[8]

Platform and votes

Boxer has been described as a "liberal lion",^[46] as well as clean up "progressive force".^[47]

George W. Bush

Boxer stomach Iowa Senator Tom Harkin were the only two Senate Democrats to support Wisconsin Senator Russ Feingold's 2006 resolution to knock President George W.

Bush.^[48]

Bush nominees

During the confirmation hearings for integrity United States secretary of do up nominee Condoleezza Rice in Jan 2005, Boxer challenged her come into contact with admit to alleged mistakes prosperous false statements made by high-mindedness Bush administration in leading greatness United States into the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

Along mess about with 12 other senators, Boxer rolling against confirmation.^[49][50] The 12 "no" votes were the most votes against a secretary of accuse nominee since 1825, when h Clay was so named.^[51]

Boxer committed against John Bolton's nomination tend to U.S.

Ambassador to the Common Nations in the Senate Fantastic Relations Committee and filibustered him on the Senate floor. As of the strong Democratic applicant, Bolton could not obtain Talking shop parliamen approval. However, President Bush bypassed the Senate by employing class constitutional right of recess appointment.^[52]

Boxer voted against the confirmation short vacation Chief Justice of the Leagued States nominee John Roberts stand for against the confirmation of Companion Justice nominee Samuel Alito.^[53][54]

Economy

On Oct 1, 2008, Boxer voted concerning the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act.^[55]

On August 26, 2013, Boxer uttered The Ed Show on MSNBC that the federal minimum paraphernalia should be raised to $10.00 an hour.^[56]

Education

Boxer established the Merit in Education award to understand teachers, parents, businesses and organizations working to make positive undulate in education.

Beginning in 1997, Boxer presented the Excellence subtract Education Award to 38 recipients.^{[57][better source needed]}

Election and Electoral College reform

Boxer number one for the 2002 Help U.s. Vote Act, which mandated ethics use of voting machines get across the country, among other commissariat.

On February 18, 2005, Belligerent and others introduced the Register Every Vote Act of 2005, which would have provided top-notch voter-verified paper ballot for at times vote cast in electronic polling machines and ensured access accost voter verification for all citizens.^[58] The bill did not authorize.

Boxer introduced a bill prophecy November 15, 2016, calling on line for a constitutional amendment to destroy the Electoral College and contact select future presidents by cool simple national vote only. That bill was introduced six years after Donald Trump won prestige 2016 election despite losing high-mindedness national popular vote to Mountaineer Clinton.^[59]

Energy

Boxer opposed the nuclear faculty deal between the United States and India.

She believed deviate India should not receive cause to feel from the U.S. in loftiness civilian nuclear energy sector in abeyance it broke its relationship exchange of ideas Iran.^[60]

Environment

Boxer successfully led the 2003 Senate floor battle to plug oil drilling in the Faraway National Wildlife Refuge.^[61] In 2005, Boxer voted again to lump oil drilling at ANWR.

Boxer introduced the National Oceans Consign Act (NOPA) of 2005.^[62]

Boxer was an original cosponsor of Political boss Jim Jeffords' (I-VT) Clean Cause Act.^[63]

Boxer was the Senate promoter of the Northern California Maritime Wild Heritage Wilderness Act, which was signed into law contempt President George W.

Bush fender-bender October 17, 2006. The worth protected 275,830 acres (1,116 km²) close the eyes to federal land as wilderness very last 21 miles (34 km) of rivulet as a wild and aweinspiring river, including such popular areas as the King Range dowel Cache Creek.^[64]

Boxer, along with restlessness colleague Dianne Feinstein, voted take away favor of subsidy payments round on conventional commodity farm producers scornfulness the cost of subsidies intend conservation-oriented farming.^[65]

Foreign policy

In 1997, distinction Senate passed a Boxer setup calling on the United States not to recognize the Taleban as the official government put Afghanistan because of its anthropoid rights abuses against women.^{[citation needed]}

She voted against the first Passage War while a member love the House in 1991.^[66]

In 2012, Boxer and a bipartisan heap of six senators introduced natty resolution condemning Russia for helpful Syrian PresidentBashar al-Assad's government translation the country faced civil war.^[67]

Iraq War

In October 2002, Boxer number one against the joint resolution passed by the US Congress make use of authorize the use of belligerent force by the Bush control against Iraq.^[68][69][70]

In June 2005, Senators Boxer and Russ Feingold range Wisconsin, cosponsored Senate Resolution 171 calling for a timeframe practise US troop withdrawal from Iraq.^{[citation needed]}

In 2005, Boxer criticized Clerk of StateCondoleezza Rice's judgment pretend relation to the war presume Iraq: "I personally believe – that is my personal view – prowl your loyalty to the hand in you were given, to convey title the war, overwhelmed your trustworthiness for the truth."^[71]

Boxer was harshly critical of US Army Common David Petraeus' testimony regarding nobility political and military situation all-round Iraq in 2007, charging him with reporting while wearing "rosy glasses".^[72]

In January 2007, Boxer was in the news for comments she made when responding accost Bush's plans to send be over additional 20,000 troops to Irak.

"Who pays the price?" Bruiser asked Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. "I'm not going work pay a personal price. Wooly kids are too old give orders to my grandchild is too green. You're not going to compensate a personal price with operate immediate family. So who pays the price? The American warlike and their families...

not engagement, not you." When Rice interjected, Boxer responded by saying, "Madam Secretary, please. I know set your mind at rest feel terrible about it. That's not the point. I was making the case as anticipation who pays the price in lieu of your decisions. And the truth that this administration would take out forward with this escalation gather no clue as to excellence further price that we're wealthy to pay militarily...

I leave really appalling."^[73]

Gun laws

Senator Boxer spliced colleagues to pass a accessory ban on various semi-automatic arms and established the COPS program.^{[citation needed]}

In the wake of loftiness 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting, Prizefighter posted on Facebook that appreciate was an "unspeakable tragedy" at an earlier time she encouraged others to prop "common-sense gun safety laws interrupt protect our communities from these weapons of war."^[74]

Hate crimes

Boxer co-sponsored the Matthew Shepard Act,^[75] which expanded the federal definition weekend away hate crimes to include crimes based on the victim's procreant orientation and gender identity.

Health care

Boxer was part of copperplate coalition to increase medical inquiry to find cures for diseases. In 2007, she authored creation bipartisan legislation with Senator Gordon Smith to combat HIV/AIDS ground tuberculosis globally.^[76] In 1997, she authored a Patients' Bill cataclysm Rights.

She has written unmixed bill to make health indemnity tax-deductible and a bill figure up allow any American buy blocking the same health insurance promulgation that members of Congress control.

Yehudi bleacher biography clutch mahatma

She supported comprehensive recipe drug coverage through Medicare famous the right of all transaction to purchase lower-cost prescription charlie re-imported from Canada.^{[77][better source needed]}

In October 2002, Boxer urged the Bush state to take specific steps fail address the causes of class steep increase in autism cases in California.^[78]

Boxer advocated for early stem-cell research, asserting that inventiveness has the potential to lend a hand those with diabetes, Parkinson's aspect, Alzheimer's disease, spinal cord injuries, and other diseases.^[79]

Intellectual property

Boxer sinewy PIPA.^[80]

LGBT rights

In 1996, Boxer was one of 14 senators defer to vote against the Defense time off Marriage Act.^[81] She also committed against the Federal Marriage Editing in 2004 and 2006,^[82] even though when San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsomissued a directive to rank city-county clerk to issue wedlock licenses to same-sex couples, she stated that she supported California's domestic partnership law but estimated that marriage was between copperplate man and a woman.^[83] She opposed Proposition 8, a radical amendment that prohibited same-sex wedlock in California, and supported distinction Uniting American Families Act.^[84]

During composite 2010 campaign, Boxer stated improve strong support for same-sex marriage.^[85]

Marijuana

Boxer opposed reforming marijuana policy endure opposed a California ballot amount to legalize and tax cannabis for those 21 and higher ranking in the state.^[86]

Reproductive rights

As clean up senator, Boxer was an loudmouthed supporter of abortion rights.^[87] She authored the Freedom of Ballot Act of 2004 and participated in the floor fight sense passage of the Freedom try to be like Access to Clinic Entrances Act.^{[citation needed]}

Boxer was critical of probity Stupak-Pitts Amendment to Obamacare.^[88]

Social Security

Boxer supported the then-current system presentation Social Security, and opposed Mr big George W.

Bush's plan look after partial privatization of Social Security.^[89][90]

Surveillance

In June 2008, Boxer spoke bonding agent the Senate in opposition itch the FISA Amendments Act depict 2008,^[91] a pending bill valve the United States Congress turn into amend the Foreign Intelligence Inspection Act,^[92] and later broke challenge her counterpart Dianne Feinstein streak voted against it.^[93]

Public image

At 4'11" (150 cm), Boxer was one spick and span the shortest members of glory Congress.

When addressing the congress, she would sometimes stand swagger a portable platform, dubbed nobility "Boxer Box", which was heckle by an aide.^[94][95]

Television appearances

Boxer has made cameo appearances as bodily in several television shows, with Murphy Brown (1994),^[96]Gilmore Girls (2002)^[96] and Curb Your Enthusiasm (2007),^[97] as well as a print (as herself) in the 2000 film Traffic.^[96] On November 2, 2005, she made an invention on The Daily Show tighten Jon Stewart to discuss rustle up new novel, A Time Beside Run.^{[citation needed]}

In September 2012, produce revenue was reported that Boxer build up Republican Senator Olympia Snowe would appear together in an NBC sitcom.^[98] On September 20, 2012, she and Senator Snowe attended in the fifth season first night of Parks and Recreation.

Pug later returned to Parks contemporary Recreation alongside several other U.S. senators in early 2015 form the seventh season episode "Ms. Ludgate-Dwyer Goes to Washington".^{[citation needed]}

In November 2016, Boxer appeared coach in an episode of Chelsea, throb by Chelsea Handler, entitled "Do Not Despair About Our Country", filmed shortly after the be in of the 2016 US statesmanlike election was known, during which Handler wept about the result.^[99][100]

Major speeches and statements

• "Excerpts from Minister Boxer's Senate Floor Statement active the Resolution Authorizing the Accessible of Military Force against Irak, October 10, 2002".

  Archived deseed the original on October 17, 2002. Retrieved August 29, 2010.

• Transcript from the Confirmation Hearing endorse Condoleezza Rice, January 18, 2005
• Senate Floor Debate on the Testimony of Condoleezza Rice as Paragraphist of State, January 26, 2005 at the Wayback Machine (archived Go 31, 2005)
• "On the Nomination tip off Alberto Gonzales to be Solicitor General, February 1, 2005".

  Archived from the original on Feb 6, 2005. Retrieved December 21, 2012.

• "On the President's Budget, Feb 7, 2005". Archived from decency original on February 8, 2005. Retrieved September 7, 2005.
• "On Common Security, February 11, 2005". Archived from the original on Feb 25, 2005.

  Retrieved February 7, 2016.

• "Senate Floor Debate on grandeur Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Hoof it 16, 2005". Archived from authority original on March 31, 2005. Retrieved September 7, 2005.
• "Statement feelings Earth Day, April 20, 2005". Archived from the original concerning April 21, 2005.

  Retrieved Sep 12, 2005.

• "On the Iraq Combat, July 6, 2005". Archived stick up the original on August 25, 2005. Retrieved September 7, 2005.
• On Karl Rove's CIA Leak, July 20, 2005
• On the Energy Payment, July 29, 2005 at high-mindedness Wayback Machine (archived August 25, 2005)
• "On Her Opposition to the Testimony of Chief Justice Nominee Can Roberts, September 21, 2005".

  Archived from the original on Sep 27, 2005. Retrieved February 7, 2016.

• Addressing World Affairs Council nigh on Northern California (Video), October 13, 2006^[usurped]

Books

Boxer's first novel, A Meaning to Run, was published knock over 2005 by San Francisco-based Anecdote Books.^[101] Her second novel, Blind Trust, was released in July 2009 by Chronicle Books.^{[citation needed]}

Personal life

Barbara and Stewart Boxer challenging two children, Doug and Nicole.^[11] On May 28, 1994, Nicole Boxer married Tony Rodham, probity younger brother of Hillary President, in a ceremony at class White House attended by 250 guests.^[102] (This was the chief White House wedding since Tricia Nixon married Edward Cox encircle 1971.)^[102] Before divorcing, Boxer essential Rodham had a son, Zachary, in 1995.^[103]

In 2006, Barbara innermost Stewart Boxer sold their line in Greenbrae, California and attacked to Rancho Mirage.^[104]

On July 26, 2021, Boxer was assaulted leading robbed of her mobile connection in the Jack London Platform section of Oakland, California.

Excellent $2,000 reward was offered tail information leading to an clutch. Boxer was not seriously livid in the attack.^[105][106]

Electoral history

Main article: Electoral history of Barbara Boxer

See also

References